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Theory and research of disinformation in contemporary media studies
Steinwald, Robert ; Podzimek, Jan (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
Disinformation is an important topic, which is currently receiving considerable attention not only in academic circles, but also in the public sphere. The reason is their potentially strong and unpredictable influence. Despite the importance of this topic, we find that the very concept of "disinformation" is not entirely stable and its meaning may vary according to individual authors or approaches. However, it is not only the meaning in terms of definition, but also the properties and internal structure and the relationship to related concepts such as fake news, hoaxes, misinformation, etc. And it is the mapping of various concepts of disinformation that will be the research goal of this bachelor thesis. The material will be theoretically focused professional publications on the topic from various authors. However, the concept of misinformation will not only be examined on a semantic level, but also in relation to the social environment and events, including the relationship to media legislation, regulation and literacy, as well as to certain topics in connection with which a number of misinformations are spreading (eg covid- 19). This will be taken into account in several studies and reports focused on misinformation in today's society.
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Misinformation Variation? Looking Through the Gendered Lens
Kochel, Alexis ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
In recent years, the growth of the far-right has been spreading across borders, becoming a major international crisis. As the far-right is growing, modern technology has become a powerful platform for recruiting members and spreading misinformation; individuals from anywhere can join, regardless of gender. As a result, women's increased number, impact, and roles within these far-right groups are expanding and becoming familiar. This thesis conducted a qualitative content analysis to depict the difference between women and men when writing messages of political misinformation online, specifically the misinformation regarding the 2020 United States presidential election. By utilizing Deborah Tannen's The Difference Theory, separated language-coded categories were created that depicted an established numerically and qualitatively set of differences between the discourse of the genders. The analysis described some differences between the method and meaning behind the message, but also similarities. The top used categories were the same for both genders, few were similar, and eight were different. It revealed that females expressed similarly to the males; however, males did not use the female-oriented categories as much as the females did the males'.
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Traditional media and its battle against fake news: the case of BBC, ARD and Radio Free Europe
Čáslavská, Veronika ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis examines how traditional media could reinforce its position as a reliable source of information, overcoming the huge amount of misinformation in public space. First, the thesis analyzes the concept of fake news, examining different concepts of this expression across American and Anglo-Saxon environments. In the following chapters, the thesis presents a link between trust in media and the spread of fake news, outlines psychological factors that allow for fake news to be spread easily and highlights the role of media literacy. Next chapters list the specific ways in which traditional media can fight against fake news, for example through slow journalism or factual verification. That is how the thesis gets to the three analyzed fact-checking departments, which were established as a part of foreign traditional media: ARD Faktenfinder, BBC Reality Check and RFE / RL / VOA Polygraph.info. These departments were founded between 2015 and 2017 and perceive verification of information as an independent journalistic output. Using semi-structured interviews, the thesis examines how these departments work, how they define fake news, what are their future plans or whether they actively contribute to the development of media literacy. Comparative analysis has shown that none of the departments has...
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Chemical mistakes in the light of reality - identification and explanation
Fatka, David ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Míka, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with widespread, chemically-themed misinformation. The the- oretical part describes psychological effects leading to myth spreading. It also descri- bes the debunking possibilities of such myths and the didactic reasons for misinformation- based work on the high school level. General practical part uses methods of content analysis upon random sample of School educational programmes to prove the usability of misinformation-based work in education. It also summarizes the organisations and resources useful for myth debunking. Specific practical part deals with analysis of chosen suspicious information, their credibility and the possibilities of educational work based on them. The chosen in- formation was the "medicinal" usage of chlorine dioxide solution. Rumors of alkaline diet and alleged harmfulness of aspartame, an artificial sweetener, were also chosen. The way they tend to be presented, none of these claims are backed. In all these cases, multiple unsubstantiated claims were found among proponents of these ideas.
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